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1 Morse, Samuel Finley Breeze
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 27 April 1791 Charlestown, Massachusetts, USAd. 2 April 1872 New York City, New York, USA[br]American portrait painter and inventor, b est known for his invention of the telegraph and so-called Morse code.[br]Following early education at Phillips Academy, Andover, at the age of 14 years Morse went to Yale College, where he developed interests in painting and electricity. Upon graduating in 1810 he became a clerk to a Washington publisher and a pupil of Washington Allston, a well-known American painter. The following year he travelled to Europe and entered the London studio of another American artist, Benjamin West, successfully exhibiting at the Royal Academy as well as winning a prize and medal for his sculpture. Returning to Boston and finding little success as a "historical-style" painter, he built up a thriving portrait business, moving in 1818 to Charleston, South Carolina, where three years later he established the (now defunct) South Carolina Academy of Fine Arts. In 1825 he was back in New York, but following the death of his wife and both of his parents that year, he embarked on an extended tour of European art galleries. In 1832, on the boat back to America, he met Charles T.Jackson, who told him of the discovery of the electromagnet and fired his interest in telegraphy to the extent that Morse immediately began to make suggestions for electrical communications and, apparently, devised a form of printing telegraph. Although he returned to his painting and in 1835 was appointed the first Professor of the Literature of Art and Design at the University of New York City, he began to spend more and more time experimenting in telegraphy. In 1836 he invented a relay as a means of extending the cable distance over which telegraph signals could be sent. At this time he became acquainted with Alfred Vail, and the following year, when the US government published the requirements for a national telegraph service, they set out to produce a workable system, with finance provided by Vail's father (who, usefully, owned an ironworks). A patent was filed on 6 October 1837 and a successful demonstration using the so-called Morse code was given on 6 January 1838; the work was, in fact, almost certainly largely that of Vail. As a result of the demonstration a Bill was put forward to Congress for $30,000 for an experimental line between Washington and Baltimore. This was eventually passed and the line was completed, and on 24 May 1844 the first message, "What hath God wrought", was sent between the two cities. In the meantime Morse also worked on the insulation of submarine cables by means of pitch tar and indiarubber.With success achieved, Morse offered his invention to the Government for $100,000, but this was declined, so the invention remained in private hands. To exploit it, Morse founded the Magnetic Telephone Company in 1845, amalgamating the following year with the telegraph company of a Henry O'Reilly to form Western Union. Having failed to obtain patents in Europe, he now found himself in litigation with others in the USA, but eventually, in 1854, the US Supreme Court decided in his favour and he soon became very wealthy. In 1857 a proposal was made for a telegraph service across the whole of the USA; this was completed in just over four months in 1861. Four years later work began on a link to Europe via Canada, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and Russia, but it was abandoned with the completion of the transatlantic cable, a venture in which he also had some involvement. Showered with honours, Morse became a generous philanthropist in his later years. By 1883 the company he had created was worth $80 million and had a virtual monopoly in the USA.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLLD, Yale 1846. Fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences 1849. Celebratory Banquet, New York, 1869. Statue in New York Central Park 1871. Austrian Gold Medal of Scientific Merit. Danish Knight of the Danneborg. French Légion d'honneur. Italian Knight of St Lazaro and Mauritio. Portuguese Knight of the Tower and Sword. Turkish Order of Glory.BibliographyE.L.Morse (ed.), 1975, Letters and Journals, New York: Da Capo Press (facsimile of a 1914 edition).Further ReadingJ.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph (discusses his telegraphic work and its context).C.Mabee, 1943, The American Leonardo: A Life of Samuel Morse; reprinted 1969 (a detailed biography).KFBiographical history of technology > Morse, Samuel Finley Breeze
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2 телеграф Морзе
Russian-English dictionary of railway terminology > телеграф Морзе
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3 код Морзе
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4 азбука Морзе
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > азбука Морзе
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5 код Морзе
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6 код Морзе
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > код Морзе
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7 азбука Морзе
код точка-тире; код Морзе; азбука Морзе — dot-and-dash code
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > азбука Морзе
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8 рекордер машинного телеграфа
"Дэйли Телеграф" — daily telegraph
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > рекордер машинного телеграфа
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9 телеграф
"Дэйли Телеграф" — daily telegraph
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10 азбука Морзе
1. dot-and-dash codeкод точка-тире; код Морзе; азбука Морзе — dot-and-dash code
2. morse code3. Morse code -
11 telegrafo
m telegraph* * *telegrafo s.m.1 telegraph: (mil.) telegrafo campale, field telegraph; telegrafo Morse, Morse telegraph; telegrafo senza fili, wireless telegraphy; palo del telegrafo, telegraph pole (o post)2 ( ufficio telegrafico) telegraph office.* * *[te'lɛgrafo]sostantivo maschile telegraph* * *telegrafo/te'lεgrafo/sostantivo m.telegraph; ufficio del telegrafo telegraph office. -
12 телеграф
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13 телеграфный
1. telegraphic2. telegraphРусско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > телеграфный
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14 дымовой телеграф
"Дэйли Телеграф" — daily telegraph
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > дымовой телеграф
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15 приемник машинного телеграфа
"Дэйли Телеграф" — daily telegraph
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > приемник машинного телеграфа
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16 Morseapparat
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17 Morsealphabet
Morsealphabet
morse code (alphabet);
• internationales Morsealphabet continental code;
• Morsenachricht message in morse;
• Morseschlüssel morse key;
• Morsetelegraf morse telegraph. -
18 Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo
[br]b. 25 April 1874 Bologna, Italyd. 20 July 1937 Rome, Italy[br]Italian radio pioneer whose inventiveness and business skills made radio communication a practical proposition.[br]Marconi was educated in physics at Leghorn and at Bologna University. An avid experimenter, he worked in his parents' attic and, almost certainly aware of the recent work of Hertz and others, soon improved the performance of coherers and spark-gap transmitters. He also discovered for himself the use of earthing and of elevated metal plates as aerials. In 1895 he succeeded in transmitting telegraphy over a distance of 2 km (1¼ miles), but the Italian Telegraph authority rejected his invention, so in 1896 he moved to England, where he filed the first of many patents. There he gained the support of the Chief Engineer of the Post Office, and by the following year he had achieved communication across the Bristol Channel.The British Post Office was also slow to take up his work, so in 1897 he formed the Wireless Telegraph \& Signal Company to work independently. In 1898 he sold some equipment to the British Army for use in the Boer War and established the first permanent radio link from the Isle of Wight to the mainland. In 1899 he achieved communication across the English Channel (a distance of more than 31 miles or 50 km), the construction of a wireless station at Spezia, Italy, and the equipping of two US ships to report progress in the America's Cup yacht race, a venture that led to the formation of the American Marconi Company. In 1900 he won a contract from the British Admiralty to sell equipment and to train operators. Realizing that his business would be much more successful if he could offer his customers a complete radio-communication service (known today as a "turnkey" deal), he floated a new company, the Marconi International Marine Communications Company, while the old company became the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company.His greatest achievement occurred on 12 December 1901, when Morse telegraph signals from a transmitter at Poldhu in Cornwall were received at St John's, Newfoundland, a distance of some 2,100 miles (3,400 km), with the use of an aerial flown by a kite. As a result of this, Marconi's business prospered and he became internationally famous, receiving many honours for his endeavours, including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909. In 1904, radio was first used to provide a daily bulletin at sea, and in 1907 a transatlantic wireless telegraphy service was inaugurated. The rescue of 1,650 passengers from the shipwreck of SS Republic in 1909 was the first of many occasions when wireless was instrumental in saving lives at sea, most notable being those from the Titanic on its maiden voyage in April 1912; more lives would have been saved had there been sufficient lifeboats. Marconi was one of those who subsequently pressed for greater safety at sea. In 1910 he demonstrated the reception of long (8 km or 5 miles) waves from Ireland in Buenos Aires, but after the First World War he began to develop the use of short waves, which were more effectively reflected by the ionosphere. By 1918 the first link between England and Australia had been established, and in 1924 he was awarded a Post Office contract for short-wave communication between England and the various parts of the British Empire.With his achievements by then recognized by the Italian Government, in 1915 he was appointed Radio-Communications Adviser to the Italian armed forces, and in 1919 he was an Italian delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. From 1921 he lived on his yacht, the Elettra, and although he joined the Fascist Party in 1923, he later had reservations about Mussolini.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics (jointly with K.F. Braun) 1909. Russian Order of S t Anne. Commander of St Maurice and St Lazarus. Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (i.e. Knight) of Italy 1902. Freedom of Rome 1903. Honorary DSc Oxford. Honorary LLD Glasgow. Chevalier of the Civil Order of Savoy 1905. Royal Society of Arts Albert Medal. Honorary knighthood (GCVO) 1914. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1920. Chairman, Royal Society of Arts 1924. Created Marquis (Marchese) 1929. Nominated to the Italian Senate 1929. President, Italian Academy 1930. Rector, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 1934.Bibliography1896, "Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses and in apparatus thereof", British patent no. 12,039.1 June 1898, British patent no. 12,326 (transformer or "jigger" resonant circuit).1901, British patent no. 7,777 (selective tuning).1904, British patent no. 763,772 ("four circuit" tuning arrangement).Further ReadingD.Marconi, 1962, My Father, Marconi.W.J.Baker, 1970, A History of the Marconi Company, London: Methuen.KFBiographical history of technology > Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo
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19 код буквопечатающего аппарата
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > код буквопечатающего аппарата
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20 morze
(Russian) morze alifbosi Morse code. morze apparati Morse telegraph
См. также в других словарях:
Morse telegraph — Morse telegraph, the electric telegraph in general use … Useful english dictionary
Morse code — Chart of the Morse code letters and numerals Morse code is a method of transmitting textual information as a series of on off tones, lights, or clicks that can … Wikipedia
Morse, Samuel F.B. — ▪ American artist and inventor in full Samuel Finley Breese Morse born April 27, 1791, Charlestown, Massachusetts, U.S. died April 2, 1872, New York, New York American painter and inventor who, independent of similar efforts in Europe,… … Universalium
Telegraph sounder — A Telegraph sounder is a device which produces an audible sound when connected to an operating electrical telegraph. It is similar in form to a relay. When a current flows through the induction coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts an… … Wikipedia
telegraph — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) n. telegram; wireless, Morse, wire, cable[gram], semaphore, heliograph, pantelograph, phototelegraph. v. t. signal, wire, radio, cable; informal, betray, disclose, reveal. See communication, indication.… … English dictionary for students
Telegraph [2] — Telegraph. A. Drahttelegraphie. Die Entwicklung der Drahttelegraphie in den letzten Jahren geht dahin, die Leistungsfähigkeit der Apparate und die Ausnutzung der Leitungen zu steigern. Der alte Morseschreiber wird in Deutschland[763] nach und… … Lexikon der gesamten Technik
Telegraph — (vom Griechischen τῆλε, in die Ferne, u. γράφειν, schreiben), eine Vorrichtung od. Maschine zur schnellen Fortpflanzung von Nachrichten in größere Fernen. Das Bedürfniß Nachrichten in größere Fernen, als es durch die menschliche Sprache geschehen … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Telegraph [1] — Telegraph (Fernschreiber), Vorrichtung zur Nachrichtenbeförderung, welche den an einem Orte zum sinnlichen Ausdruck gebrachten Gedanken an einem entfernten Orte wahrnehmbar wieder erzeugt, ohne daß der Transport eines Gegenstandes mit der… … Lexikon der gesamten Technik
Telegraph — (griech., »Fernschreiber«; hierzu die Tafeln »Telegraphenapparate I u. II« und die »Karte des Welttelegraphennetzes« bei S. 386), jede zur Nachrichtenbeförderung dienende Vorrichtung, durch die der an einem Orte (Senderort) zum sinnlichen… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Morse code abbreviations — differ from prosigns for Morse Code in that they observe normal interletter spacing; that is, they are not run together the way prosigns are. From 1845 until well into the second half of the 20th century, commercial telegraphic code books were… … Wikipedia
Telegraph [3] — Telegraph. Der Krieg hat einen erheblichen Einfluß auf die Entwicklung des telegraphischen Nachrichtenwesens ausgeübt. Die gesamte in Frage kommende Industrie mußte in erster Linie für Heereszwecke arbeiten; erschwert wurde ihr das dadurch, daß… … Lexikon der gesamten Technik